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Pneumonia

Understanding Pneumonia

Pneumonia symptoms with cough fever and breathing difficulty

Pneumonia is a common but serious infection that inflames the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both of your lungs. When you have pneumonia, these air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult for oxygen to reach your bloodstream.

While pneumonia can be life-threatening—especially for infants, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems—it is a highly treatable condition when caught early.

Common Symptoms

Pneumonia symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the type of germ causing the infection, your age, and your overall health. Key signs include:

01

A persistent cough, which may produce yellow, green, or even bloody mucus.

Persistent cough

02

Shortness of breath, even when you are resting.

Shortness of breath

03

Chest pain that feels sharp or stabs when you breathe deeply or cough.​

Chest pain

04

Fever, sweating, and shaking chills.​

Fever

05

Fatigue and muscle aches.

Fatigue

06

Confusion or disorientation, particularly in adults age 65 and older

Disorientation

07

Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Diarrhea

What Causes Pneumonia?

Pneumonia is classified by the type of germ that causes it and where you caught the infection.

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  • Bacterial Pneumonia: The most common cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae. It can occur on its own or after you’ve had a cold or the flu.

  • Viral Pneumonia: Caused by viruses like the flu (influenza), RSV, or COVID-19. Viral pneumonia is usually milder but can lead to bacterial pneumonia.

  • Fungal Pneumonia: Most common in people with chronic health problems or weakened immune systems who inhale large doses of organisms from soil or bird droppings.

  • Aspiration Pneumonia: Occurs when you inhale food, drink, vomit, or saliva into your lungs.

Diagnosis and Treatment

To diagnose pneumonia, a healthcare provider will listen to your lungs with a stethoscope for "crackling" or "rumbling" sounds and may order the following:

  • Chest X-ray: This is the best way to see the location and extent of the inflammation.

  • Pulse Oximetry: To measure the oxygen level in your blood.

  • Blood Tests: To confirm an infection and try to identify the germ.

Doctor consulting patient for pneumonia treatment

Preventing Pneumonia

The best way to manage pneumonia is to prevent it from happening in the first place.

Medical diagnosis of lung infection condition

  • Get Vaccinated: There are vaccines available to prevent some types of pneumonia and the flu. Talk to your doctor about the pneumococcal vaccine.

  • Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands frequently to protect against respiratory germs.

  • Don't Smoke: Smoking damages your lungs' natural defenses against respiratory infections.

  • Support Your Immune System: Prioritize sleep, a healthy diet, and regular exercise.

Recovering from Pneumonia

Recovery takes time. While some people feel better in a week, for others, it can take a month or more to regain their usual energy levels.

  • Patient Tip: Don't rush back to your normal routine. Pushing yourself too hard too soon can cause a relapse. Listen to your body and take frequent naps if needed.

Specialist evaluating respiratory symptoms

When to See a Specialist

Seek medical attention immediately if you have difficulty breathing, chest pain, a persistent fever of 38.9°C (102°F) or higher, or a cough that produces pus.

If you are over age 65 or have an underlying lung condition like COPD or Asthma, you should contact your specialist at the first sign of a respiratory infection.

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